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Work on the history of childbirth

LA FUNZIONE RIPRODUTTIVA DELLA DONNA:
ASPETTI SOCIO-CULTURALI ED INTERDISCIPLINARI.
(Brevi cenni sulla storia del parto)

C. RENZI et al.

art. pubblicato su: Acta Med. Rom., 33, 1995

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Summary

In the historical period from the seventeenth to the end of the nineteenth century in Europe, under the so-called "traditional" societies, the life of average woman was governed by alternating cycles almost exclusively related to the biological function of reproduction. The rules that governed the experience of pregnancy and childbirth first sanctioned the membership of this group of women to culture, within which were established roles and ways and means of those involved. It begins with the first stages of labor, which was "helped" with internal and external manipulation : one passed by the pressure with hands on their mother's womb, in order to increase the contractions, the dilatation of the vagina and cervix, again in order to hasten the descent of the fetus along the birth canal. The women began to address the quality of the experience of childbirth and gradually gained importance the need to draw attention to emotional aspects of birth that had been rejected and neglected in traditional society. When, in the second half of 1800, it came to consider the experience of birth in the delivery room as the projection of the emotional relationships within the broader family, they created a new emotional dimension, which allowed the roots after cessation of coldness and rigidity of the traditional rules. In other words, already in 1930 there were techniques to allow the pregnant woman greater personal control over every aspect of the process of childbirth. From the first half of the twentieth century onwards, thanks to rapid advances in medical science, the roots and the increasing spread of the psychological disciplines and numerous social changes, the women's experiences of pregnancy and childbirth have changed fundamentally. In the first half of the century, psychosomatic research, enriched by the contributions of medical research, but most of all formulations of psychoanalysis, gives rise to the concept of specificity is that multiple interpretations and meanings. In the field of psychosomatic of women today is expressed in particular a need for derivatives and related disorders on the integrative functions of the life cycle (puberty, adolescence, sexual function, reproductive function, menopause), probably for a number of reasons for and medical intervention, both to the request of the women themselves.